Analysis Of Noun Phrase In English And Vietnamese Education Essay

Noun forges all(prenominal) bit good as other devises play an of import even outeousness in get the hanging any linguistic communication. Without noun style, at t assume direct would think of no agents, no patients, and no receivers. Additionally, no affair how broad our phraseology whitethorn be, a individual word is frequently deficient in showing our thought.. A incompatible analysis between side and Viet seese is necessary and interesting for learning and analyzing. Almost each linguistic communication has noun phrases, nevertheless, despite holding the same basic social structure, they have near(a) differences..This assess aims to look internal and external edifice of incline and Vietnamese noun phrases so make a comparing between two break ups of NP any bit good as suggest some tea ching deductions. I hope through this assignment, both I and the readers will larn something encouraging which toilette use to English instruction and acquisition.Noun phrase in EnglishDefinitionsLe ( 2002 ) defined noun phrase ( NP ) as a group of actors line get downing with a noun and working appositional. This NP frequently goes right earlier or right after the noun it expresses.Ex-hus forbiddanced A dupe of war, he hated the sight of soldiers. ( A victim of war = he )Harmonizing to L.H.Nguyen ( 2004 ) , a NP is a group of words with a noun or pronoun as the chief portion ( the headspring ) . In his book Analyzing English , Jackson added some more deal about the principal which is the tokenish demand for the befalling of a noun phrase . Despite the NP is in simple signifier much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as pupils or in purloinglomerate signifier such as the narrative about the miss who utilise to populate at that place , it must hold a noun or pronoun showing the chief thought.StructureBasically, a noun phrase consists of 3 chief separate Pre Alteration, steer, Post Alteration. But in some compl ex NPs, we finish agnise that the Pre Alteration may incorporate other elements. Based on the possibleness of NP in the book Analyzing English by Howard Jackson, we have a elaborate expression of NP as followersPre AlterationHeadPost AlterationPre clincher( A )Identifiers( B )Numeral/Quantifier( C )Adjectives( D )Noun qualifier( einsteinium )N/pro( F )Relative clauses, infinite clause, prepositional phrase, adjectivals, adverbs.( G )Table 1 The reflexion of a NP in EnglishNow, we will travel into inside informations of the construction of a NP.Pre AlterationThis portion basically has 5 elements as shown in the above tabular array. The source atom is pre-determiners. They atomic number 18 a little group of words which may happen before the identifier in a NP. They also have quantifier follow ( all, both, half, a ) fraction numbers ( one-third, a ) .Following percentage is identifiers. This component holds articles ( a, an, the ) demonstrative ( this, that, thes e, those ) genitives ( my, your, his, a ) . But at that place is one thing we should founder attend. In any NP, merely merely one identifier may happen, it heart that articles, demonstrative and genitives atomic number 18 reciprocally sole. We ca nt s glueynesse that my house scarcely if we use of-phrase with the genitive pronoun, we contribute show that NP in another(prenominal) manner that book of mine .In some NPs such as five cats , several books , the pre alteration here is numeral ( five ) or quantifier ( several ) . Besides, sometimes, we can see the combination of these two elements in some NPs. The frequent sequences ar ordinal numerical ( featurely first and finish ) + in expressed quantifier ( eg the first few hours ) , ordinal + primeval ( eg the 2nd five yearss ) , indefinite quantifier + central numerical, particularly nib figure ( eg several thousand slew ) ( Nguyen, 2004, p. 44 ) .To magnify the brain noun in some manner, the foll owing component, adjectives, come after the identifier and numerals/quantifiers. However, in spokesperson that several adjectives co-occur in a NP, there is a regularisation for their disposition.nameSizeformagecoloring materialbeginningsubstance register participialcapturingSmallunit of ammunitionoldbrownGallicoakencomposing tabular arrayTable 2 The adjectival averThe last component is noun qualifiers which come between the adjectives and the foreland noun. As we can see, nouns may work non merely as questions of NP tho likewise qualifiers in NP. For illustration, in NP a kids book , kids modifies book and a kids book means a book for kids.Beside 5 basic elements mentioned supra, there is one farther sort of pre-modification that is NP in possessive instance. This sort is marked by an s added to the its concluding word ( eg my friend s bike ) .HeadThe most usual sort of read/write head of NP is noun, but in some NPs such as She is my best friend , the chief may be a pronoun of some sort, unremarkably a own(prenominal) pronoun ( he, she, youa ) . Similarly, Jacobs ( 1995 ) s intertwineed that more NPs in English are individual signifiers hearthstone possibly merely of a noun or a pronoun. When the caput is a pronoun, it does nt necessitate any alteration, particularly the pre-modification.Kinds of pronoun operation as the caputExamplesPersonal pronounHe, she, you, they, we, a . coy pronounPerson, something, cipher, a Possessive pronounHis, her, your, their, aDemonstrative pronounThis, that, aTable 3 Kinds of pronoun operation as the caput of NPPost-modificationThis portion is most often followed by phrases or clauses. Three sorts of phrasal/clausal post-modification we frequently see is proportional clauses, infinite clauses, and prepositional phrases, sometimes we besides see an adjective or an adverb operation as a post-modifier in NP ( Jackson, p.15 ) .A proportional percentage point clause consists of a comparative pronoun ( who, whom, which, that, whose, a ) as a caput, which mentions fend for to the caput noun of NP. If the comparative pronoun s map is object in the comparative clause, we can exclude that comparative pronoun.Infinite clause is clause normally without topics introduced by a infinite signifier of the verb. That sort of clause include 3 sorts space clause, present participial clause, past participial.In a NP, prepositional phrase occurs most often working as post-modifier.Some illustrations every the schools in townA B F G ( prepositional phrase )The last few yearssB C C FDong Bang Shin Ki, my favorite unison desexualise.F G ( appositional NP )My noisy 4-year-old white Thai catB name age coloring material FThis arch revenue enhancement collector s grabbing manusNP Genitive D FThe Korea history which has merely been published.B D F G ( comparative clause )Something of import to makeF ( indefinite pro ) G ( adjectives ) G ( infinite clause )The miss behind youB F G ( adverb )Two Equus cabal luss eating grass.A F G ( infinite clause present participial )A subject vocal composed by Lee So ManB E F G ( infinite clause past participial )One-third of the populationA B FNoun phrase in VietnameseDefinitionsMai, Vu and Hoang ( 2006 ) defined NP ( danh nga? ) is a phrase in which the noun map as the chief portion.Besides, NP in the hypothesis of Doan, Nguyen, Pham ( 2001 ) is a free combination of a noun core group and one or more than one subsidiary elements which can be front elements rest before the nucleus noun or can be end elements stand after the nucleus noun.StructureAs a phrase, NP in Vietnamese besides has three chief parts Pre-Modification ( Front Element ) , Head ( Nucleus ) , Post-Modification ( End Element ) . More elaborate, harmonizing to Mai et Al. s theory ( pp. 276-280 ) , the construction of NP in Vietnamese can be described as followersTat canha?ngCaicon meoAenay( -3 )( -2 )( -1 )Head noun ( 0 )( 1 )( 2 )Table 4 The construction of a NP in VietnameseFr ont elementsAs we can see from the tabular array, the elements in the place ( -3 ) , ( -2 ) and ( -1 ) are called front elements, while the elements standing after the core ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) are called end elements. Those elements are placed in a stable manner as shown in the above tabular array.In footings of the front elements, we have three sorts. In the place ( -1 ) , quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca , a.are use. Those words can happen beforedefinite numbers mat, hai, Ba, ban, aEx-husband tat ca ban m?i sinh vien ( 1 )corporate nouns Aan, lA , bo , ba , nam, a .Ex-husband ca lA con traigeneral nouns qua?n, ao, binh, linh, xe ca , may moc, aEx-husband hat thay may mocLet s pay attending to the quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca , a.From the illustrations above, we can see that such those quantifiers occur before the caput noun. Now, taking the first illustration, is it right if we say it in such a manner ban m?i sinh vien tat ca ? Actually, in footings of grammar, it is right but the significance is different. The NP tat ca ban m?i sinh vien means that no pupils are left, but in ban m?i sinh vien tat ca , there are some pupils left. So, we can reason that tat ca can stand before and after the caput noun depending on the vocalizer s attending.Diep Quang Ban ( 2000 ) stated that place ( -2 ) is the topographic indicate taken by word category as followers decided numeral/ central figure ( ta cha sa l?a?ng xac Aanh/sa ta )Mat, hai, Ba, ban, m?a?i, trA?m a..M?a?i con meoEstimate quantifier ( ta cha sa pha?ng Aanh )Vai, vai Ba, dA?m, m?i, avai Ba khach hangAllocating words ( ta ham y phan phai )Ma-i, mat, tang, aMa-i cong danArticles ( quan ta )Nha?ng, cac, mat, ..Nha?ng bac sAWord may May con ga nayTable 5 the place ( -2 ) in a NP in VietnameseHowever, we should pay attending that such elements as vai, vai Ba, dA?m, a can non co-exist with the quantifiers such as tat ca , tat thay , hat thay , hat ca , ca in the place ( -3 ) .In footings of the place ( -1 ) , Diep Quang Ban ( 2000 ) stated that it is taken by the deictic word cai ( ta cha xuat ) in hostelry to mark things mentioned in the caput noun. However, sometimes, cai is replaced by another deictic word such as con in NP con ng?a?i ay . In Vietnamese NP, cai occurs before the caput noun and can gradation in between a numerical ( if there is one ) and the classifier or a step phrase. It may be preceded by other pre-noun qualifiers such as quantifiers, numbers, and articles. It must ever coincide with a classifier as in ba cai cuan len kia or ba cai thung n?ac nay . Besides, cai is sometimes mistaken with the homonymic classifier cai , but it s different from classifier cai every bit good as other classifiers in term of statistical distribution and map. When cai precedes a count noun, the usage of a classifier is obligatory, as shown in ( a ) . However, cai can non be used before the homonymic classifier as shown in ( B )Ba cai cuan len ( correct )Ba cai cai chen ( incorrect )Normally, with the heraldic bearing of the deictic word, the noun is demonstrative a desire(p) nay , kia , ay , a . ( eg cai tha?ng nhoc nay ) . But, in spoken linguistic communication, we frequently see that the demonstratives are omitted, like cai tha?ng nhoc .The lens nucleus ( head noun ) Harmonizing to Dinh Dien ( n.d ) , the karyon ( place ( 0 ) ) may be a noun ( boy, teacher, cat, housea ) or a combination between a classifier ( danh ta cha loai ) and the caput noun such as con ng?a?i , quya?n sach , may say . Otherwise, the caput noun may be a classifier followed by a descriptive free word constellate ( ta ha?p ta ta do mieu ta ) such as hai ng?a?i Aang ngai noi chuyan Aa?ng kia , nha?ng viac ban hom ba?a Additionally, words which are non nouns can besides be the caput collect to the talking wont of Vietnamese. For illustration, we can s horten the NP hai cac ca phe Aen into the NP hai Aen .Some Vietnamese classifiers are normally usedcaiA used for most inanimate objects ( cai ban, cai gha , .. )con normally for animate beings and kids ( con be ) , but can be used to depict some inanimate objects ( con dao, con A?a?ng )bai used for composings like vocals, drawings, verse forms, essays, etc ( bai th , bai hat, .. )cay used for stick-like objects ( cay ph?a?ng, cay sung, a )toa edifices of authorization tribunals, halls, tusk towers ( toa nha , .. )qua/trai used for ball-shaped objects ( qua chuai, trai Aat, .. )quya?n/cuan used for book-like objects ( cuan sach, quya?n tap chi , .. )ta? sheets and other thin objects made of paper ( ta? giay, ta? bao, .. )la smaller sheets of paper ( la th , la bai, a )viac an event or an on-going procedure ( viac kinh doanh, viac ha?c, a )End elementsDoan et Al. classified the terminal elements in footings of portion of yell, construction, manner of connexion, grade of so me elements.c.1 ) In footings of portion of addressnounlap ngoai nga?verblap giao tiapadjectivallap Aongcentral numericallap 4noun of topographic pointlap tren la?unoun of cliplap buai taipronounlap caa toiTable 6 The terminal elements in Vietnamese NP in footings of portion of addressc.2 ) In footings of constructionA chief accessary phrase sach vA?n ha?c Ma?A co-ordinated phrase sach nghe va noiA S-V phrase sach ma toi vaa muac.3 ) In footings of manner of connexionDirect shipway ( eg tinh tha?n thep, mat ba caua )Indirect ways ( eg ba phim ma anh thich, bai viat ma toi vaa hoan thanh )c.4 ) In footings of the undermentioned orderThe nucleus i? A i? B ( a, B, compass point Celsius, vitamin D ) i? CABacillusCgoes with the karyon to organize a phrase ( a compound noun )describes the features of the object that the karyon mentionedEx-husband phong khach rang, ban lam viac American ginseng tra?ng, a .demonstrative pronouns such as nay, ay, Ao aaBCvitamin Da noun, a verb or an ad jectival va? + noun or ba?ng + noun caa + noun or aY + noun ClausesTable 6 The terminal elements in Vietnamese NP in footings of some elements order.Something about demonstratives may do you misconstruing if we erect them in different order. For illustration, compare two NPs viac ay caa anh and viac caa anh ay , we can see the difference in significance here due to our talking modulation. In the first NP, if we blab out with a level modulation, we can understand it as his work , whereas, if we let the cat out of the bag with a raising modulation at ay in the 2nd NP, it can be understood that it s your work, non others work .Some illustrationsTat ca nha?ng cai vay Aen ba?ng denims aY investment firm Cass ma ca?u( -1 ) ( -2 ) ( -3 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( ai? bi? ci? vitamin D )th?a?ng thay Ao( 2 )B ) Aa?ng Aua sa 2 aY tr?ac ma?t ( Diep, 2000, p. 60 )( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( central numberi? degree Celsius )degree Celsius ) Nha?ng tha?ng nhoc nghach nga?m ay( -2 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( adjec tival ) ( 2 )vitamin D ) San nha qi mai lau( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( S-V phrase )vitamin E ) Cai cuan tap chi aY tren ka Ao( -1 ) ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( degree Celsius ) ( 2 )A comparing of English NP and Vietnamese NPFrom what we discuss above about the NP in English and Vietnamese, we can see that both of them have a basic construction pre-modification, caput, post-modification. . However, there are still some differences between them. We will chat some singular similarities and differences in the places of pre-modification and post-modification in English and Vietnamese NP.First, in both English and Vietnamese NP, quantifier, numbers, fractions stand before the caput noun.( a ) All those old chairsQuantifier caput noun( B ) Several thousand peoplenumerical caput noun( degree Celsius ) One-third of my pupilsfraction caput noun( a ) Tat ca nha?ng cai gha cA Aoquantifier caput noun adjectival( B ) Vai ngan ng?a?inumerical caput noun( degree Celsius ) Mat pha?n Ba sa ha?c sinh caa toifraction caput noun Second, demonstrative, ordinal Numberss, genitives come before the caput noun in English but after the caput noun in Vietnamese.That vainglorious brick housedemonstrative caput nounThe 2nd hitch to Koreaordinal figure caput nounMy favorite luscious nutrientgenitive caput noun( a ) Ngoi nha ba?ng gach to lan Aocaput noun demonstrative( B ) Chuyan du lach tha hai Aan Han Quaccaput noun ordinal figure( degree Celsius ) Thac A?n key yeu thich caa toicaput noun genitiveThird, in footings of adjectives, we put them in forepart of the caput noun in English NP but in Vietnamese, we put them after the caput noun.Ex-husband cai ban mau nau lam ba?ng ga- xoaicaput noun. adjectivesA brown oaken tabular array.adjectives head noun.However, in some instances, adjectives come after the caput noun in English NP such as something unusual , person brave , a Additionally, the order of adjectives qualifiers in English is instead fixed ( name, size, form, age, coloring material, beginning, substan ce, present participial ) whereas that in Vietnamese NP may be exchanged, based on the talker s attending. For illustration, in English, we merely have merely one order a reasonably bluish skirt but when we say in Vietnamese, there are 2 ways mat chiac vay mau xanh district attorney tra?i xinh xan and mat chiac vay xinh xan mau xanh district attorney tra?i .Furthermore, in English NP, the happening of nouns and clinchers is obligatory but optional in Vietnamese NP. So, if we translate the phrase cuan sach tren ban into Vietnamese, it will be book on tabular array . Is it right? As you see, the adjust phrase should be the book on the tabular array .In Vietnamese, classifiers are by and large obligatory in numerated NP whereas in English, we do nt usually utilize classifiers before nouns, except some particular words a brace of places , a loaf of staff of flavor a .Ex-husband In English, we say two books but in Vietnamese, we say hai cuan sach .The following dif ference I want to advertisement is the place of noun qualifiers. In English NP, they come before a caput noun but in Vietnamese, they come after the caput noun. Nevertheless, in some instances in Vietnamese, noun qualifiers precedes the caput noun ( eg mat thi nhan, mat ca? tha , .. )A concert dance categoryA bundle circuitA summer run( a ) Mat lap Ba le( B ) Chuyan du lach tra?n goi( degree Celsius ) chian dach mua heLast but non least, sometimes there are some equivocal constructions that cause us baffled. In Vietnamese, what comes into people s head foremost is spoken foremost is the common regulation, which is besides a natural order of people s thought ( Dinh, n.d, p. 11 ) . Let s take a NP as an illustration. How many ways you can state the English NP a current Korean leather coat ? We have mat cai ao khoac mai ba?ng foresightful thu caa Han Quac or mat cai ao khoac Han Quac ba?ng dour thu mai and mat cai ao khoac ba?ng long thu Han Quac mai .It seems that in the E nglish NP, the place of pre-modifiers and post-premodifiers are non so free and flexible as that in Vietnamese NPDeduction in English instruction and acquisitionLearners of English may hold some troubles such as how to interpret fromEnglish into Vietnamese and frailty versa due to the differences in the place of pre-modifiers and post-modifiers we have merely mentioned above ( for illustration mat quya?n sach hay a book good or a book interesting. They may besides be in problem with the order of the adjectives in a instead long noun phrase with many adjectives. Which adjective come foremost? Which one will come next? Where should we set those adjectives. Vietnamese pupils may happen it hard to retrieve all the places due to the wont of puting the adjectives after the caput noun and utilizing them flexibly.Knowing clearly about English NP and Vietnamese NP, particularly the differences every bit good as the common errors that Vietnamese scholars frequently meet will assist the instr uctors adopt their pupils right. In other words, scholars can cognize their errors from the beginning so that they can happen it easy to larn English subsequently, particularly grammar. Based on the cognition of English NP and Vietnamese NP, the instructors besides design the undertakings for pupils to merge and pattern cognition of phrases and sentences in both two linguistic communications.DecisionIn decision, although NP in English and Vietnamese has the same basic construction ( pre-modification, caput, post-modification ) , they are non the same in the word order of pre-modification and post-modification. These differences are caused by the dissimilarity in thought and talking wont of English and Vietnamese. As a pupil every bit good as a teacher-to-be, this research helps me a batch. When making this assignment, I have a opportunity to unite my cognition of both English and Vietnamese and cognize something new and helpful. With what I learn from this research, I will use t o my survey and learning calling.